Learn Dothraki > Beginners
Dothraki memrise courses
Ifak:
Good to know. If you agree with the current plan, I'll try to assemble the words in the next few days and I'll just post the whole list here or send it to you for approval if I may.
Qvaak:
Sure :)
Hrakkar:
I've been really busy with work the past few days (and will continue to be for several more), so I have missed what is going on here. I like very much the ideas that are being considered here. Having a number of different memory courses might be a really useful thing, especially for people (like myself) who are not natively multilingual.
I think the 'rules of the language' word you are looking for is 'grammar' :)
Ifak:
Okay I've assembled it or most of it at least. I'm just gonna post the whole list here. The items are divided into levels, so please feel free to offer advice on the order of the words, the levels, and the names of the levels and well... anything that you think could be improved. I also encountered some problems and dilemmas, so I wrote them all down as I went along. I'll put those at the bottom.
I also didn't add any pronouns because I don't know a whole lot about all those conjugations and declinations and whatnot. So I was hoping that one of you guys could add a list of pronouns that are used very often. Thanks!
Everyday words
sek - yes
vos - no :-X
ishish - maybe :-X
chek - good
m'ath - hi
m’athchomaroon - with respect (greeting)
Family
rhojosor - family (animate) :-X
mai - mother (animate)
ave - father (animate) :-X
simonof - grandfather (animate) :-X
kristasof - grandmother (inanimate) :-X
gaezo - brother (/) :-X
inavva - sister (/) :-X
rizh - son (animate) :-X
ohara - daughter (inanimate) :-X
Outside
gache - place, environs (inanimate) :-X
feshith - tree (/) :-X
halah - flower (animate) :-X
qevir - forest (/) :-X
ashefa - river (animate) :-X
tozara - lake (animate) :-X
olta - hill (inanimate) :-X
Adjectives
davra - good, useful :-X
edavrasa - useless, of poor quality :-X
zhokwa - big :-X
naqis - small :-X
neak - long :-X
fitte - short :-X
ohazh - heavy :-X
imesh - young :-X
foz - old :-X
diwe - wet :-X
ath - dry
Verbs
davralat - to be useful :-X
edavrasalat - to be useless :-X
zhokwalat - to be large :-X
naqisat - to be small :-X
neakat - to be long :-X
fittelat - to be short :-X
ohazhat - to become heavy :-X
imeshat - to be young :-X
fozat - to be old :-X
diwelat - to be wet :-X
athat - to be dry :-X
Pronouns
anha - I
anni - of mine
anna - me :-X
yer - you
me - he, she, it
kisha - we :-X
yeri - you (plural)
mori - they :-X
eyak - everyone :-X
Home
okrenegwin - stone house (inanimate) :-X
okre - tent (/) :-X
gref - wall (/) :-X
davrakh - useful thing, app (inanimate) :-X
emrakh - gate (inanimate) :-X
ador - chair (inanimate) :-X
az - blade (inanimate) :-X
heffof - jug (inanimate) :-X
jolino - cooking pot (inanimate) :-X
khogar - word for one's apparel, clothes (inanimate) :-X
khogari - box, trunk, chest, cask (inanimate) :-X
Adjectives 2
reddi - skinny :-X
oiro - fat :-X
dik - fast :-X
vroz - slow :-X
erin - kind, good
mel - bad, evil :-X
toki - dumb :-X
ville - wise :-X
yofi - mad, crazy :-X
haj - strong
fish - cold :-X
afazh - hot :-X
afazhi - warm :-X
Verbs 2
reddilat - to be skinny :-X
oirolat - to be fat :-X
dikat - to be fast :-X
vrozat - to be slow :-X
erinat - to be kind, to be good :-X
melat - to be evil :-X
tokilat - to be dumb :-X
villat - to be wise :-X
yofilat - to be mad, to be crazy :-X
hajat - to be strong :-X
fishat - to be cold :-X
afazhat - to be hot :-X
afazhilat - to be warm :-X
Animals
rhoa - animal (/) :-X
jano - dog (inanimate) :-X
havzi - cat (/) :-X
dalfe - cow (inanimate) :-X
noah - bull (animate) :-X
dorvi - goat (inanimate) :-X
oqet - sheep (inanimate) :-X
qifo - boar / pig (inanimate) :-X
hrazef - horse (inanimate) :-X
jiz - chicken (animate) :-X
alegra - duck (inanimate) :-X
Conjunctions and Determiners
ma - and
ven - like, as
ei - all, every :-X
che - either, or :-X
loy - some, few, any, a bit of :-X
san - much, many :-X
zhille - any :-X
Adjectives 3
driv - dead :-X
thir - alive :-X
achra - smelly :-X
sorf - dirty :-X
gizikhven - sweet :-X
jelaven - sour :-X
zhifven - salty :-X
havziven - lazy :-X
ataki - first :-X
remek - asleep :-X
samva - broken :-X
Verbs 3
drivolat - to die :-X
drivat - to be dead :-X
thirat - to live :-X
achralat - to be smelly, to give of a smell :-X
sorfat - to be dirty :-X
gizikhvenat - to be sweet :-X
jelavenat - to be sour :-X
zhifvenat - to be salty :-X
havzivenat - to be lazy :-X
atakilat - to be first :-X
remekat - to sleep :-X
samvalat - to be broken ?
samvat - to be broken :-X
samvolat - to break :-X
Animals 2
gimi - mouse (/) :-X
afis - fly (/) :-X
giz - bee (/) :-X
hlizif - bear (animate) :-X
leqse - rat (inanimate) :-X
qosar - spider (/) :-X
ver - wolf (/) :-X
yetto - frog (inanimate) :-X
zir - bird (/) :-X
mawizzi - rabbit (inanimate) :-X
eshina - fish (/) :-X
gezri - snake (animate) :-X
Home 2
orzi - shoe (inanimate) :-X
timvir - book (/) :-X
yot - fruit (inanimate) :-X
thom - juice (inanimate) :-X
hadaen - food (inanimate) :-X
gavat - meat (inanimate) :-X
vinte - portion of meat (inanimate) :-X
jelli - cheese (inanimate) :-X
nindi - sausage (inanimate) :-X
qazer - apple (inanimate) :-X
zhif - salt (inanimate) :-X
Outside 2
krazaaj - mountain (inanimate) :-X
eyel - rain (inanimate) :-X
asavva - sky (animate)
shekh - sun (inanimate) :-X
jalan - moon (animate) :-X
shierak - star (animate) :-X
vaes - city (inanimate) :-X
os - path, road (inanimate) :-X
rhaesh - land, country (animate)
Numbers 0 - 10
som - zero (0) :-X
at - one (1)
akat - two (2)
sen - three (3)
tor - four (4)
mek - five (5)
zhinda - six (6)
fekh - seven (7)
ori - eight (8 )
qazat - nine (9)
thi - ten (10)
People
voj - person (animate) :-X
okeo - friend, trustee (animate) :-X
mahrazh - man (animate)
rakh - boy, lamb (/) :-X
rakhi - boy (insult) (/) :-X
chiori - woman (animate) :-X
nayat - girl (inanimate) :-X
yalli - child (animate) :-X
enta - baby, infant (/) :-X
tokik - fool (animate) :-X
Elements
sorfo - dirt (inanimate) :-X
vorsa - fire (animate)
chaf - wind (animate) :-X
eveth - water (inanimate) :-X
jesh - ice (inanimate) :-X
Verbs 4
tat - to do :-X
elat - to go :-X
adakhat - to eat :-X
ammemat - to play a musical instrument :-X
astolat - to speak :-X
astat - to say :-X
dirgat - to think :-X
emat - to smile :-X
ezhirat - to dance :-X
Body
khado - body (animate)
nhare - head (animate) :-X
lenta - neck (/) :-X
elme - shoulder (inanimate)
qora - hand, arm (animate) :-X
tir - finger (inanimate) :-X
gango - belly (inanimate) :-X
khaor - waist (inanimate) :-X
rhae - foot, leg (/) :-X
hlofa - wrist, ankle
vem - knee, elbow (/) :-X
vemish - heel of the hand or foot (inanimate)
irge - back (/) :-X
ilek - skin (/) :-X
Phrases
Athdavrazar(!) - Excellent!
Me nem nesa - It is known
Vosecchi(!) - No way! :-X
Hash yer dothrae chek? - How are you?
Anha garvok(!) - I’m hungry!
I’m hungry(!) - I'm thirsty!
Yer zheanae (sekke) - You’re (very) beautiful
San athchomari yeraan(!) - Thank you! (a lot of honor to you) :-X
Fonas chek(!) - goodbye (Hunt well! - Farewell)
Body 2
noreth - hair (inanimate) :-X
vish - forehead (/) :-X
hatif - face (/) :-X
tih - eye (animate) :-X
riv - nose, tip (/) :-X
dech - cheek (inanimate) :-X
gomma - mouth of a human (/) :-X
heth - lips, rim (inanimate)
lekh - tongue (inanimate) :-X
chare - ear (inanimate) :-X
vik - chin (inanimate)
shirane - beard (inanimate) :-X
Verbs 5
ezolat - to learn :-X
ezzolat - to teach :-X
fejat - to hate :-X
frakhat - to touch, to reach to touch :-X
frakholat - to feel :-X
garvolat - to grow hungry, to hunger :-X
fevelat - to thirst :-X
ifat - to walk :-X
layafat - to be happy :-X
Seasons
vorsaska - summer (inanimate) :-X
eyelke - spring (inanimate) :-X
chafka - autumn (inanimate) :-X
aheshke - winter (inanimate) :-X
Other Nouns
vosi - nothing (inanimate) :-X
atthirar - life (inanimate) :-X
athdrivar - death (inanimate) :-X
athfiezar - love (inanimate) :-X
eme - smile (inanimate) :-X
zoqwa - kiss (/) :-X
lekh - language (animate) :-X
athjerizar - discussion (inanimate) :-X
ato - one, something (inanimate) :-X
vekhikh - object, thing (inanimate) :-X
Verbs 6
hoyalat - to sing :-X
ifat - to walk :-X
indelat - to drink :-X
jasat - to laugh :-X
khezhat - to be sad :-X
zhilat - to love someone :-X
jolinat - to cook :-X
lommat - to bathe :-X
lanat - to run :-X
Colors
vishiya - color :-X
dahaan - green :-X
kazga - black :-X
nozhoven - brown :-X
reaven - purple :-X
shiqeth - grey :-X
veltor - yellow :-X
vishiya - color :-X
zasqa - white :-X
thelis - blue :-X
theyaven - pink :-X
virzeth - red :-X
Other Nouns 2
athvilajerar - war (inanimate) :-X
qoy - blood (inanimate) :-X
athrokhar - fear (inanimate) :-X
athvillar - wisdom (inanimate)
atthirarido - dream (inanimate) :-X
dirge - thought, idea (inanimate) :-X
hake - name (animate)
ase - word, command (animate) :-X
Verbs 7
laqat - to cry :-X
nesolat - to learn :-X
nevalat - to sit :-X
nevasolat - to sit down :-X
chilayat - to lie (body position)
chilat - to lie down :-X
qafat - to ask
tihat - to look, to see :-X
zoqwat - to kiss :-X
________________________________________
Problems
ershe and foz both mean "old"
ohazhat - to become heavy, not to be heavy ??
what baout ville - wise (ajd) and the verb villat - to be wise. Looks liek an exception. How do we know the other unrecorded verbs that come from adjectives
aren't exceptions too?
haj - strong (adj); hajolat - to grow strong. Is hajat - to be strong?
afazh (adj.) - hot; affazhat - to warm, to give warmth, to make hot. Is afazhat, to be hot? and afazhilat to be warm?
samva - broken
samvolat - to break
is samvalat - to be broken?
chilay (adj) - laying
chilat - to lie down
can we conclude that chilayat means to lie?
what is verb transitivity?
is irge - "back" meant as a part of the human body?
lenta - stem, neck; can this be the neck of a human?
Change log
14.2.2014
- Added a Phrases level
- Moved sky from Elements to Outside 2
- Marked words that still lack an audio file
- Added a Conjunctions and Determiners level
- Added a Pronouns level
20.2.2014
- Removed exclamation mark from chek in Everyday Words
5.5.2014
- Removed nonexistent word from Conjunctions and Determiners
Qvaak:
I'll try to comment more later, hopefully, but some stuff to keep the discussion going...
--- Quote ---ershe and foz both mean "old"
--- End quote ---
Seems so. As far as we know, they are synonyms. Might be there is some difference in meaning, but we don't know it. Then again, a language without synonyms would be strange. We should expect more of them if and when the vocab grows.
--- Quote ---lenta - stem, neck; can this be the neck of a human?
--- End quote ---
--- Quote ---is irge - "back" meant as a part of the human body?
--- End quote ---
We've got a fair amount of our words with practically no context to go with. My guess would be that these are applicable to human body parts, but I can't say I have any proof.
--- Quote ---chilay (adj) - laying
chilat - to lie down
can we conclude that chilayat means to lie?
--- End quote ---
No. Remember how I said "All Dothraki adjectives have also stative verb forms (all true adjectives, that is - not participles)." Well, this chilay is participle, not a true verb. The -y ending is a dead giveaway. Chilat is not in dynamic form (I'll come to that later), so the most accurate translation is probably a stative to lie.
--- Quote ---ohazhat - to become heavy, not to be heavy ??
--- End quote ---
no, no. Ohazholat is "to become heavy", ohazat should be "to be heavy". You see, that -o- there is a bit tricky suffix-thingy, but at least almost always it's used to indicate that a verb is about a change and specifically abut a beginning of a change. So eg. chilat is probably about being lying, because simple Dothraki verbs tend to be by their core meaning stative. Then if you need to clearly use the verb to mark change, you derive the -o- form, which would be... chisolat, I think. This is not universal conjugation level stuff, but very common, productive derivation pattern.
--- Quote ---what is verb transitivity?
--- End quote ---
Transitivity tells you if the verb takes an object. It's kinda short extra hint on what a verb means. If the verb is intransitive, it does not take (straight) object, so if you have eg. intransitive to burn (virsalat), you'll know that "the house burned" ("okre virsa") is good use and "I burned the house" (*"anha virsa okre") won't work. Useful, eh.
--- Quote ---haj - strong (adj); hajolat - to grow strong. Is hajat - to be strong?
afazh (adj.) - hot; affazhat - to warm, to give warmth, to make hot. Is afazhat, to be hot? and afazhilat to be warm?
--- End quote ---
Ya. Should be.
--- Quote ---what baout ville - wise (ajd) and the verb villat - to be wise. Looks liek an exception. How do we know the other unrecorded verbs that come from adjectives aren't exceptions too?
samva - broken
samvolat - to break
is samvalat - to be broken?
--- End quote ---
Argh, yes. Sorry. I tried to dodge this issue with some muddling "usually" and "probably" and "practically" type of words. Maybe it's a bit bigger issue than I'd like to think.
There are always some complications, as Dothraki does not try to be nice-to-learn artificial-like language; it tries to be warts-and-all natural-like language. You should always expect some nasty details, and with Dothraki you should expect the complications to be about epenthesis more often than not.
In this case it goes like this: You have an adjective/verb stem. If the stem is nice one like ath, you'll have an adjective ath and stative verb athat. But if the stem is eg. samv, Dothraki don't want to use it as is as an adjective, because the ending consonant cluster is too cumbersome. Then they jam an epenthetic vowel in the end, a vowel that is usually e, but is sometimes rarely something else, like in samva. But the ending vowel isn't part of stem, so it's just forgotten from verb form. Past singular of course has the same problem, but it always takes -e, never something else, AFAIK.
So, yeah, "to be broken samvat, assamvat proves that beyond any reasonable doubt, and I'm pretty sure we've discussed samva specifically with Peterson, even though surprisingly we apparently haven't added samvat to the vocab.
Damn it's good to have someone asking these questions. Thanks for the patience, hopefully you'll have it in spades.
I'd suggest you to not worry about this much, though. Some words, like fittelat may be wrong (could be fittat), but it's too frustrating to refrain from saying things like "I am short" just because we're not entirely sure about the whole scheme of fittat.
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